(86 males per 100 females) and between 6 p.m. In contrast, females predominate among workers who arrive at work between 8 a.m. The workforce is most prominently male among workers who start work between 2 a.m. For instance, there are more than 125 males per 100 females among those reporting to work between 7 p.m. The sex composition of workers also differs on the basis of when they start work. and 6 p.m., reflecting the presence of students with after-school jobs. The workforce is the most youthful (median age under 30) among those who start work between 3 p.m. and 5 p.m.) to 42 (arriving between 2 a.m. The median age ranges from 24 (those arriving at work between 4 p.m. The demography of the workforce varies as the day wears on. Other Demographic Variations in the Workforce and between midnight and 6 a.m., foreign-born Latinos are especially clustered among workers beginning work between midnight and 7 a.m. While U.S.-born Latinos are overrepresented among workers starting work between 11 a.m. Latinos are the most disproportionately represented among workers who start their workday between midnight and 6 a.m. They are especially overrepresented among those who begin work during the evening, late night, and midnight/early morning hours. For example, blacks are more likely to arrive at work between midnight and 5 a.m. In contrast, blacks and Latinos disproportionately work during less traditional hours. Relative Presence of Workers by Time Arrived at Work and Race/Ethnicity They are the least likely to begin their workday between 7 p.m. Whites are far more likely to have standard work shifts-arriving at work between 6 a.m. Racial/Ethnic Variations in the Workforce Finally, wages tend to be lowest among workers who begin their workday between the late morning and the afternoon. The occupational prestige is lowest among those who start work during mid-afternoon and between late night and midnight/early morning hours. Workers who go to work late at night or during the early morning hours have the lowest levels of education. Source: Author’s calculations based on data from the 2006 American Community Survey 1% Public Use Sample obtained from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. * Ratios are based on the respective socioeconomic levels of workers starting work at a given time relative to the respective socioeconomic level of all workers (regardless of when they started their workday). Relative Socioeconomic Standing of Workers by Time Arrived at Work, Selected Indicators tend to be more educated, work in occupations that are more prestigious, and have higher earnings compared with those arriving at work at other hours. For example, employees entering the workplace between 7 a.m. The socioeconomic standing of workers across the clock varies in other ways too (see Figure 1). period, when many American workers are already home. Given their numbers, the poor are at least twice as likely to report to work during the 3 p.m. The poor (those with family incomes below the poverty level) are more likely than the nonpoor to enter work at nonstandard times-between 10 a.m. Socioeconomic Variations in the Workforce and 3.5 percent start work between 6 p.m. Seven percent of workers arrive at work between 10 a.m. Other workers initiate their work shift later in the morning, afternoon, or evening.
4 Yet, about one in 11 workers reports to work much earlier (between midnight and 6 a.m.). workers (approximately three-fourths) start their workday in the four-hour span between 6 a.m. 2 This anticipated growth has raised concerns over problems faced by employees who work at nonstandard times, such as work hazards, family stability, and substance abuse. Jobs where employees typically work outside of the traditional work shift are among occupations with the largest projected growth in the next decade. Approximately two in every five workers in the United States work mostly during nonstandard times-evenings, nights, rotating shifts, or weekends. The nature of work continues to change dramatically with the extension of work operations around the clock being one of the most striking alterations. Our Commitment to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion.Policy and Advocacy Communications Training.Management of Complex Technical Programs.
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